Routine microbiological analyses of wastewater at the Besòs Wastewater Treatment Plant have shown the presence of circulating poliovirus. The Department of Health has begun an investigation to detect whether there are infected people in the community.

España

Between January and September 2024: In Brazil, there were 3 confirmed cases in humans (2 died) in Amazonas, Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo. Between July 2023 and June 2024, 1,790 events involving dead monkeys were reported, of which 11 were laboratory-confirmed in the states of Minas Gerais (5) and Rio Grande do Sul (6). In Bolivia, 7 confirmed positive cases were detected (3 died): The cases had a probable place of exposure in the department of La Paz in the municipalities of Caranavi (n= 2 fatal cases), Guanay (n= 1 case), the municipality of San Buenaventura (n= 1 fatal case) and the municipality of Palos Blancos (n= 1 case); and in the department of Santa Cruz, municipality of Porongo (n= 2 cases). Only four of the cases were vaccinated. In Peru, 18 cases were confirmed in men between 18 and 83 years old (9 died). The cases were reported in the departments of Huánuco (1), Junín (3), Madre de Dios (3), San Martín (10), Ucayali (1). In Colombia, 8 confirmed cases were reported (5 died). All were men between 18 and 66 years old. The affected departments were Caquetá (1), Huila (1), Nariño (1), Putumayo (4), Vaupés (1). All the cases mentioned here had a history of exposure to wild and/or forested areas, due to agricultural work activities, among others.

Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Perú

Until this September, the country has accumulated 32 deaths and 18,800 cases of dengue, exceeding what was reported for the same epidemiological week 36 of 2023. This represents 2.5% more than the cases recorded last year. Panama, Colón, Chiriquí and Bocas del Toro are currently the provinces most affected.

Panamá

The Florida Department of Health has reported one new human case of locally acquired (autochthonous) dengue. This makes Palm Beach County the seventh county in Florida to report a locally acquired dengue case, joining Hillsborough, Manatee, Miami-Dade, Monroe, Orange and Pasco counties. As of the week ending September 7, 31 indigenous cases had been reported in the state. As of 2009, there were no reports of cases of dengue acquired in Florida since 1934.

Estados Unidos

In Bolivia, in 2024, until epidemiological week (EW) 35, 7 cases of yellow fever were confirmed, in people between 15 and 64 years of age, of which 3 died. Only two of the cases had a vaccination history, one verbal and the other with a vaccination card; all had a history of migration from wild, forested areas, due to work activities and others. Regarding the two people confirmed with the disease in the municipality of Porongo, one 25 years old and the other 28 years old, the contagion occurred in the urban area. The endemic regions for the disease in Bolivia correspond to the departments of Beni, Santa Cruz, the tropics of Cochabamba, Pando, and the north of La Paz.

Bolivia

Vietnam health authorities reported 106 cases of measles in Ho Chi Minh City the week of August 25, an increase of almost 54% compared to the previous 4-week average. The total number of suspected cases of measles spotted fever accumulated since the beginning of the year is 644. Binh Tan, Binh Chanh and Hoc Mon districts recorded a high number of cases.

Vietnam

There are outbreaks of Oropouche fever in parts of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Cuba (see map). Between 1st January and 20th July, 8078 cases were reported Oropouche fever is spread by the bite of infected midges (small flies) and mosquitoes. Illness can occur in people of any age and is often mistaken for dengue. Travelers to affected areas should take steps to avoid bug bites. Travelers should seek medical care if they develop high fever, headache, muscle aches, stiff joints, nausea, vomiting, chills, or sensitivity to light during or after travel.ometimes vomiting and diarrhea are also reported."

Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Perú

There is an outbreak of Zika in the state of Maharashtra, India. Indian health authorities have reported 113 confirmed cases of Zika, of which 100 are from the Pune district, including pregnant women.

India

The chief of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the rise in mpox cases constitutes a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), following advice from members at Wednesday’s International Health Regulations (IHR) Emergency Committee meeting.

After the National Institute of Health carried out laboratory studies, the first case of death from yellow fever in the department was confirmed. The governor of Huila, Rodrigo Villalba Mosquera, announced the declaration of a red alert in eight municipalities that border the Andean Amazon region, that is, with the department of Caquetá as a preventive measure. The prioritized municipalities are Campoalegre, Rivera, Suaza, Acevedo, Guadalupe, Garzón, Algeciras, and the eastern rural area of ​​Neiva. This measure is intensified as a response action due to confirmation of the first case of yellow fever in Huila. “It was decided to declare a red alert in eight municipalities that are at risk due to their geographic location adjacent to the Amazon jungle area,” said Governor Villalba Mosquera. The sectional leader added that the declaration of the red alert is framed in international health regulations as a preventive measure to protect public health and guarantee a rapid and effective response to the presence of communicable diseases.

Colombia

There are outbreaks of Oropouche fever in parts of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Cuba (see map). Oropouche fever is spread by the bite of infected midges (small flies) and mosquitoes. Illness can occur in people of any age and is often mistaken for dengue. Travelers to affected areas should take steps to avoid bug bites. Travelers should seek medical care if they develop high fever, headache, muscle aches, stiff joints, nausea, vomiting, chills, or sensitivity to light during or after travel.ometimes vomiting and diarrhea are also reported."

Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Perú

The Influenza A(H5N1) virus currently circulating in the Americas is the product of a recombination that occurred in wild birds in Europe and low pathogenic strains in wild and domestic birds during its global dissemination. This new genotype has spread rapidly from Europe to North America, Africa and Western Asia through the migratory routes of waterfowl. After the detection of the influenza A (H5N1) virus in the Americas in 2021, it has been detected throughout the entire continent. Six human infections caused by avian influenza A(H5N1) have been recorded since 2022 in the Americas. Four were notified in the USA, on April 29, 2022, April 1, 2024, May 22, 2024 and May 30, 2024; one in Ecuador, notified on January 9, 2023; and one in Chile, notified on March 29, 2023.

South African health authorities have reported 3 cases of rabies in the country in the first 4 months of 2024. The cases were reported in eThekwini Municipality, KZN (1) and Ngqushwa Municipality, Amathole District, EC (1). The third case was in a patient hospitalized in Gauteng province who acquired the disease in Zimbabwe after an exposure in December 2023. All cases involved children aged 2, 5 and 7 years respectively. In two cases no post-exposure medical intervention was reportedly sought, while in one case an incomplete post-exposure rabies prophylaxis regimen was received. For the latter case, it is reported that rabies immunoglobulin and a dose of vaccine were administered after exposure, but the vaccination course was not completed.

Sudáfrica

There is an outbreak of chikungunya in Malé and Hulhumalé regions of Maldives

Maldivas

The Ministry of Public Health of Cuba confirmed the presence of cases of Oropouche fever, a viral disease transmitted by the midge _Culicoides paraensis_, that is present in the Americas Region, and by the _Culex quinquefasciatus_ mosquito, in the province of Santiago de Cuba. The official note indicated that after "actions for monitoring and surveillance of non-specific febrile syndromes in the province of Santiago de Cuba, the presence of Oropouche virus (OROV) was identified in 2 health areas of the municipalities of Santiago de Cuba (Ernesto Guevara) and Songo La Maya (Carlos J. Finlay), from samples tested in the Pedro Kourí Institute (IPK) reference laboratory." The Ministry of Health says that "all cases have progressed favorably with improvement of symptoms between the third and fourth day after the onset of the illness." The official source added that the clinical picture that manifests as a consequence of the disease is "mild, preceded by an incubation period of 5-7 days, characterized by fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain. Sometimes vomiting and diarrhea are also reported."

Cuba

Brazilian health authorities have reported 6,599 cases of Zika virus so far this year. According to data from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), as of May 3, 2024, more than 6,878 cases had been reported in the Americas this year. Although this number of cases is still alarming, it is much lower than the 55,813 cases reported in 2023.

Brasil

Panama Health Authorities (Minsa) confirmed 69 new cases of malaria last week. The Guna Yala region recorded 52 cases; Darién 9, comarca Ngäbe Buglé 4, and the regions of Panama Metro, Panama West, Colón and Chiriquí with 1 each.

Panamá

Bolivian health authorities have reported 44 cases of malaria in El Sena, province of Madre de Dios (34 cases of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax and 10 due to Plasmodium falciparum).

Bolivia

The Health Secretariat of Medellín issued an epidemiological alert due to the increase in Hepatitis A, which recorded 431 cases, a 230% increase compared to the same period of the previous year in which 179 occurred.

Colombia

Australian health authorities (NT Health) have reported 22 cases of melioidosis (2 deaths) among people who swam in Top End, in the Northern Territory of Australia, a tropical oasis formed by Darwin, Kakadu National Park, Arnhem Land and the Katherine region, where the tropics meet the Outback.

Australia

Colombian health authorities have reported about 50 confirmed cases of malaria in the Catatumbo area (Teorama, Norte de Santander) in urban, rural and indigenous populations in the municipality of Teorama. A health intervention has been initiated in the area to stop the cases.

Colombia

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is experiencing an alarming outbreak of dengue, setting a record for hospitalizations with 362 people hospitalized in a single day, surpassing previous figures from 2008. This sustained increase in cases throughout the month signals a classic epidemic. The state of Rio de Janeiro already registers 17,437 probable cases during the first four weeks of 2024 (1,441 notifications in the same period last year). The situation is expected to worsen, anticipating a higher incidence between March and May. The combination of high temperatures and intense rains created ideal conditions for the proliferation of the dengue-transmitting mosquito, accelerating its reproduction and facilitating the creation of breeding sites. Faced with this emergency, the municipality announced preventive measures, including the opening of treatment and hydration centers and the inspection of closed or abandoned places.

Brasil

At least 65 people died between January 1 and 27 of this year in a violent manner, data from the Jamaica Police Force shows. Surprisingly, the high homicide rate has decreased compared to January 2023: 81 people were murdered in the first month of 2023. The country, which has a population of 2.8 million, reported 1,393 homicides in 2023 (1,498 murders in 2022). The Caribbean territory has not reported less than 1,000 murders per year since 2003. The U.S. Embassy in Jamaica raised the travel warning to Level 3: “reconsider travel,” a level lower than the most severe one that warns U.S. citizens not to travel.

Jamaica

The devastating forest fires in the region of Valparaíso, Chile, have claimed at least 19 lives, with significant damage to urban areas, including Viña del Mar. The situation, exacerbated by summer and strong winds, has led President Gabriel Boric to declare state of catastrophe, implementing curfews to facilitate emergency work in key municipalities.

Chile

According to the WHO, malaria cases are increasing in Ethiopia, with 328,881 new cases reported since the beginning of this year. Between January 1 and 28, 84 deaths were reported nationwide; a month-on-month increase of 16 percent.

Etiopía

In epidemiological week (EW) 51, 732 probable cases of dengue were reported in the Dominican Republic, 24% are concentrated in the province of Santiago, 14% come from Santo Domingo and Puerto Plata with 6%. In the last 4 weeks (EW 48-51) 3,372 probable cases were reported. In this same period, 1,547 samples were processed, the positivity of the samples is 17%, in which the circulation of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 of the dengue virus has been identified, with serotype 3 predominating (70%). The provinces with the highest cumulative incidence per 100,000 inhabitants are: Barahona (513.99), María Trinidad Sánchez (513.82), San José de Ocoa (469.71) and Espaillat 486.84.

República Dominicana

In the Americas, numerous outbreaks of Oropouche virus (OROV) disease have been described in rural and urban communities in Brazil, Ecuador, French Guyana, Panama, Peru and Trinidad and Tobago. In most of these outbreaks, people of both sexes and all ages were affected. In populations with prior contact with the virus, the most affected were children and young people

Thailand reported 5,206 malaria cases in the third quarter of 2023 (July – September), an increase of 48% compared to the same period in 2022. P. falciparum + mixed cases and P. vivax constituted 4% and 95%. of the cases, respectively.

Tailandia

Thai health authorities have reported an increase in cases of Zika virus in the country in 2023 (300% compared to 2022). At least 758 cases reported, including 33 pregnant women and 13 newborns affected (190 cases in 2022 and 63 in 2021). The virus has active transmission in the south of the country (Phuket, Krabi, Ko Jum and Ko Lanta) and a recent case in Ko Samui.

Tailandia

Zanzibar, Tanzania has reported an increase in malaria cases between October and December 2023 Malaria cases increased from 3,223 people diagnosed with malaria in 2022 to 3,563 positive in June last year, while those hospitalized increased from 282 to 423 in the same period. Zanzibar was accelerating its path towards malaria elimination. The prevalence rate was 0.4 percent for at least a decade.

Tanzania

Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus (shown in map). Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines. Before travel to any destination shown in the map, adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series may receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine.

In 2023, 175 cases of locally acquired dengue were reported in Florida, USA. Specifically in the counties of Broward (4), Hardee (13), Miami-Dade (156), Palm Beach and Polk

Estados Unidos

In the last five years, the GeoSentinel network treated 23 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in Mexico, although three of these patients had also visited other Central American countries. It should be noted that nine of these 23 patients were diagnosed in the last 12 months. This rebound is related to an increase in cases in the region. So far in 2023, the cumulative number of cases for the year in Mexico has further increased to 1,128 (958 cases in men). Once again, Quintana Roo remained the state with the highest number of cases, contributing 791 to the national figure (671 cases in men).

México

In this epidemiological week 45, three cases of malaria were confirmed in the Dominican Republic, one man and two women, from the Azua outbreak. During the last four weeks (EW 42 to EW 45) 27 cases were confirmed. Geographically, the cases come from the focus of: San Juan (17 cases), Azua (9 cases) and Pedernales (1 case). The accumulated incidence until this week is 2.17 per 100,000 inhabitants, which represents a reduction of 29% compared to the same period in 2022. So far this year, 215 cases have been reported.

República Dominicana

According to the analysis of the last epidemiological period, the country is in a malaria outbreak situation.

Colombia

As of 20 November 2023, 684 suspected human cases, including four deaths, a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.6%, were reported in 44 of 116 districts in nine of Zambia´s 10 provinces. Sinazongwe district is the epicenter, accounting for 287 cases (42% of the total 684 cases) and two deaths (50% of the total four deaths). The most affected provinces are Southern (370 cases; 54%), Western (88; 13%), Lusaka (82; 12%), Eastern (66; 10%) and Muchinga (47; 7%) provinces.

Zambia

Argentina has experienced 18 trichinosis outbreaks, with 528 associated cases reported by the Ministry of Health as of the end of November 2023. Outbreaks have been recorded in several provinces, including Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Mendoza, Neuquén, San Luis and Santa Fe. The majority of confirmed and probable cases have been recorded in the central region of the country. Annual outbreaks are reported. Especially in northern provinces (Córdoba), in relation to the consumption of pork from clandestine slaughterhouses. More frequent in winter (autumn-spring), in relation to the non-use of refrigeration chambers.

Argentina

Cartagena, Colombia, faces an alarming increase in cases of leptospirosis, with 255 cases until epidemiological week 44 of 2023, doubling the cases of the same period in 2022. Concern grows after the death of a teenager. The rains, which last from April to November, exacerbate the situation, increasing both leptospirosis and dengue. Authorities emphasize the importance of garbage collection, education and campaigns to prevent the disease, which is more prevalent during the rainy season and in unsanitary conditions.

Colombia

Dengue continues to be the arbovirus with the highest number of cases reported in the Region of the Americas, with outbreaks that occur cyclically every 3 to 5 years. 2023 is the year with the highest historical record of dengue cases, exceeding 4.1 million new infections. This figure exceeded those of 2019, the year in which they registered more than 3.1 million cases, including 28,203 serious cases and 1,823 deaths. Circulation of DENV-3 was identified, which had not circulated for several years in some areas.

Florida, USA, is experiencing a notable increase in locally acquired dengue cases in 2023. According to the Florida Department of Health, 154 cases have been reported, distributed primarily in the counties of Miami-Dade with 139 cases and Hardee with 9 cases. . This represents a significant increase compared to the 68 local cases recorded in all of 2022. Additionally, 477 travel-associated dengue cases have been reported this year.

Estados Unidos

The year 2023 is about to end and Venezuela, like some countries in the region, is registering a spike in fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough. “Fluctuating levels in influenza activity above the epidemic threshold” have been detected. In the first half of the year, according to data reported to the international monitoring platforms used by PAHO, the influenza A(H1N1) virus predominated, responsible for the 2009 pandemic. However, since mid-2023, The country has experienced an increase in the circulation of influenza B (Victoria).

Venezuela

After almost 20 years, Chuquisaca breaks the historical record for cases of canine rabies. The total number for 2023 reaches 36, one more than in 2005, which had the highest number of infections (35).

Bolivia

Zika virus cases have shown a significant increase in Brazil, with 7,019 cases confirmed so far in 2023, continuing an increasing trend over the last four years.

Brasil

A total of 162 domestic cases of West Nile virus infection, which is transmitted by mosquitoes, have been recorded in Greece since the beginning of the year 2023. During the same period, 22 deaths of patients who developed meningitis or encephalitis due to the infection were also recorded. All patients who died were over 63 years of age. The actual number of cases is likely higher, as for every case with central nervous system symptoms there are approximately 140 cases with mild or no symptoms. Fever, headache, nausea or rash may occur in 20% of cases, but only 1% of patients develop severe disease affecting the brain.

Grecia

The Dominican Republic faces a new outbreak of cholera in the province of Barahona. The Ministry of Public Health has confirmed 16 cases among 45 patients with diarrheal symptoms treated at the Jaime Mota Hospital and the Primary Health Care Units (UNAP) in Bahoruco and La Ciénega. These cases include Haitian and Dominican citizens, reflecting the diversity of the affected population. The outbreak has been attributed to the consumption of contaminated water, mainly affecting residents of La Ciénega.

República Dominicana

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Ixchiq, the first chikungunya vaccine. Ixchiq is approved for individuals 18 years of age and older who are at increased risk of exposure to chikungunya virus. Ixchiq is administered as a single dose by injection into the muscle. It contains a live, weakened version of the chikungunya virus and may cause symptoms in the vaccine recipient similar to those experienced by people who have chikungunya disease. The safety of Ixchiq was evaluated in two clinical studies conducted in North America in which about 3,500 participants 18 years of age and older received a dose of the vaccine with one study including about 1,000 participants who received a placebo. The most commonly reported side effects by vaccine recipients were headache, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, fever, nausea and tenderness at the injection site.

As of 28 Oct 2023, the Africa CDC reported a total of 2779 yellow fever cases, and 36 deaths have been reported in 7 African Union countries this year. The impacted countries are: Cameroon (41 cases; 4 deaths), CAR (326; 5), Congo (324; 2), Gabon (79; 0), Guinea (178; 4), Nigeria (1,819; 21), and Uganda (12; 0).

Camerún, Congo, Gabón, Guinea, Nigeria, República Centro-Africana, Uganda

A total of 7 more employees of the district court in Thalassery [city in Kannur district, Kerala state] tested positive for Zika virus on 5 Nov 2023.

India

Cases are registered in Panama, Brazil, Italy, Burkina Faso and India (Haryana)

The health department in Kozhikode has issued an alert against leptospirosis in the district in the wake of a rise in the number of patients and deaths in October [2023]. Kallai, Beypore, and Nadakkavu are some of the places where the number of patients is high. Those venturing out into muddy waters should take doxycycline, the preventive tablet, as they are at high risk of contracting the infection. The District Medical Officer said the tablets were available for free at all government hospitals. Those who have symptoms such as high fever, headache, severe body pain, joint pain, and redness in eyes should immediately consult a doctor.

India

Roraima has recorded one death from yellow fever. The individual is 38 years old. He died in August but only this Monday [30 Oct 2023] did the State Department of Health (Sesau) receive the report confirming that the cause of death was due to the disease. The last death recorded from the disease in the state was in 2007, 16 years ago. With the diagnosis, Sesau issued a warning about the need for the population to be vaccinated against the disease. In 2023, just 31.74% of Roraima residents were immunized against yellow fever.

Brasil

An 8-year-old girl died in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, on 25 Oct 2023 after being bitten by a stray dog about 2 weeks ago. The girl was attacked by a stray dog 15 days ago while she was playing in a village in Pinahat.

India

The number of victims of viral hepatitis A in Vinnytsia region is increasing. As of the evening of 27 Oct 2023, there are 141 patients in the hospital.

Ucrania

Dengue cases in Delhi have seen a sharp rise this year, with nearly 5000 cases (4965) reported till 21 Oct 2023 -- more than double that of cases seen in the same period in 2022 and the highest in the last 5 years. The spike in cases was the highest in the month of September with 2141 cases. The highest number of dengue cases is usually reported in 2 months, October and November. A sudden dip is usually seen in December. A significant increase has also been observed in malaria cases, with over 300 cases being reported so far.

India

Between 2000 and 2022 in the country there were 10 confirmed cases of urban rabies. Between 2021 and so far in 2023, 133 cases of rabies in dogs have been reported, all of these cases in the southern part of Peru, mainly in Arequipa. Cases of wild human rabies, that is, transmitted mainly by the bite of the vampire bat, are more numerous than those of urban rabies. From 2000 to 2022, there were 121 cases of wild human rabies, almost all in jungle areas

Perú

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella was first reported in Sindh, Pakistan, in 2016. Since then, several districts have reported cases caused by multiple XDR S. enterica serovar typhi variants belonging to clade H58 and carrying multiple novel genomic integrations of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene. Most cases are managed with meropenem and azithromycin, and most national guidelines recommend those drugs for treating cases of Salmonella typhi in Pakistan. We report a case of carbapenem-resistant Salmonella typhi infection that required treatment with a last-resort antimicrobial drug.

Pakistán

Health authorities in Florida, USA, have reported 43 cases of Vibrio vulnificus so far in 2023. This is a very high number when compared to the highest numbers of cases reported in a single year (2017: 50 cases; 2022, 74 -this year saw an abnormal increase in cases after Hurricane Ian). Counties recording the most cases include Sarasota with 5 and Escambia, Hillsborough, Lll with four. Additionally, 10 deaths were reported: Sarasota and Hillsborough counties reported two deaths each and Broward, Charlotte, Duval, Manatee, Pasco and Polk counties reported one each.

Estados Unidos

The Gunungkidul Health Service (Dinkes), DI Yogyakarta, recorded that 64 residents were confirmed to have leptospirosis, a disease caused by rat urine. This number of cases is among the highest in the last 4 years. "In total, until October 2023, there are 64 cases. The public is advised to remain vigilant because there is the potential for an increase," said Head of the Gunungkidul Health Service, Dewi Irawaty.

Indonesia

On 7 Oct 2023, a man and a woman went to the emergency department of the Reims University Hospital. Both had been injured by a cat in a North African country a few weeks earlier. As soon as they were admitted, the medical team identified that the woman presented clinical signs compatible with a suspected diagnosis of rabies. Despite rapid treatment in intensive care, the patient died on 9 Oct 2023. Asymptomatic, the man was given preventive care: prophylactic postexposure vaccination and monitoring. He is no longer hospitalised.

Marruecos

In Apr-June 2023, Greater Mekong subregion (GMS) countries reported 7142 malaria cases.

Camboya, Laos, Myanmar, Tailandia, Vietnam

A 7-year-old girl tested positive for Zika virus in Chong Dong (Baray, Kampong Thom). It is the first case reported since 2016.

Camboya

The State of Tocantins confirmed on May 10, 2023, the first case of West Nile fever infection in humans in the municipality of Caseara, Tocantins, Brazil. The case corresponds to a 16-year-old young man who started symptoms on April 1, 2023, residing in a rural area of ​​the municipality of Caseara, Tocantins. The patient presented with acute viral encephalitis with symptoms of fever, headache, seizure and odynophagia. The case was discharged with serious consequences. The RT-PCR analysis of the collected CSF was positive for West Nile Fever (WNF).

Brasil

There is an outbreak of diphtheria in several provinces in Vietnam. All travelers 2 months and older traveling to outbreak areas should receive an age-appropriate dose of a diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine if they are not fully vaccinated or if they have not received a booster dose within 5 years prior to departure

Vietnam

There´s been a sharp increase in the number of reported cases of tick-borne encephalitis in Sweden this year. According to the Public Health Agency, 170 cases were confirmed in the month of August 2023 alone -- a new record. The western Västra Götaland region has already had more cases so far this year than over the whole of 2022.

Suecia

So far in 2023, 3407921 cases of dengue have been reported, with a cumulative incidence rate of 343 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The highest number of dengue cases was observed in Brazil with 2569746 cases, followed by Peru with 235014 cases (as of EW 32) and Bolivia with 137110 cases.

A 39-year-old man in Kerala has tested positive for the Nipah virus, bringing the total number of infections to 6. The man contracted the virus after coming into contact with a previously infected patient who later died. The Nipah virus is highly pathogenic and often fatal, causing brain swelling and respiratory distress. There is currently no cure or vaccine for the virus. The Indian government is working to evaluate preventive measures to tackle the outbreak. Of the 6 cases, 2 patients died on 30 Aug and 11 Sep 2023, and the remaining 4 are undergoing treatment, officials aware of the matter said.

India

Since January 2023, a total of 8455 cases (2507 confirmed; 5948 suspected) and 230 deaths (CFR: 9.2%) of diphtheria have been reported in [4] African Union member states (MS): Algeria: (80 cases, 10 deaths), Guinea (90; 22), Niger (272; 8), and Nigeria (8013; 190). This week, 279 new cases (272 confirmed; 7 suspected) and 11 new deaths of diphtheria were reported from Guinea and Niger.

Argelia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria

So far in 2023 a total of 432 people in the entire state of Assam (India) have been infected with Japanese encephalitis and 24 people have lost their lives. The increase in cases is assumed to be related to the floods suffered last month.

India

Dengue is an ongoing risk of dengue in many parts of Africa and the Middle East, and some countries are reporting higher-than-usual numbers of dengue cases (Chad, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Mauritius and Sudan) Travelers to areas of risk should protect themselves by preventing mosquito bites.

Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus. Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines.

Dengue is endemic in Bangladesh. However, from 1 January to 7 August 2023 a total of 69483 confirmed dengue cases and 327 related deaths were reported. The current outbreak is unusual in its early sharp increase and seasonality.

Bangladesh

So far this year, a total of 127,631 cases of dengue were reported in the region. Cases are presented by country, along with those classified as severe dengue, deaths, and those on the increase compared to previous years.

Until July 8, 191 cases of GBS were reported in Peru. The most affected departments are Lima, La Libertad, Lambayeque, and Cajamarca. Campylobacter jejuni was found in 11 cases. 23% presented gastrointestinal infection, 24.1% respiratory infection and 16.2% fever. In relation to the neurological manifestation, 71.9% of the cases presented ascending progression of the paralysis and 21.9% presented some type of sequelae.

Perú

During 2023, 118 confirmed cases of invasive infection by Streptococcus pyogenes were reported throughout the country, of which 16 died. The provinces with the highest number of confirmed cases accumulated in 2023 are Buenos Aires (35), Santa Fe (20), Chubut (10) and Tierra del Fuego (10). The number of cases in 2023 represents an increase of 281% over the same period in 2019.

Argentina

In 2023, between EW 1 and EW 24, a total of 2,102,848 cases of dengue were reported, with a cumulative incidence rate of 214 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In this year, of the 2,102,848 reported dengue cases, 827,493 (39.3%) were laboratory confirmed and 3,201 (0.15%) were classified as severe dengue. The highest number of dengue cases was observed in Brazil with 1,515,460 cases, followed by Peru with 169,504 cases and Bolivia with 133,452 cases.

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus (shown in map). Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines. Before travel to any destination shown in the map, adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series may receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine.

As the summer 2023 travel season begins, the CDC reminds clinicians and public health officials to provide guidance for measles prevention to international travelers and to be on alert for measles cases. Measles is highly contagious; one person infected by measles can contaminate about 90% of their unvaccinated close contacts. India, Pakistan, England, Jordan, Turkey, Mauritania, Ecuador and the US have reported cases in the past months.

During 2022, several countries in the region registered increases in the number of cases of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, above what was reported in 2021. During the first months of 2023, outbreaks of chikungunya and dengue fever were recorded. important magnitude in South America.

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

On 2 June 2023, the Ministry of Health of the United Republic of Tanzania declared the end of its first documented outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD). On 8 June 2023, after two consecutive incubation periods (42 days) without a new confirmed case reported, the Ministry of Health of Equatorial Guinea declared the end of the Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak

Guinea Ecuatorial, Tanzania

There is an increase in the activity of respiratory viruses at pre-pandemic levels and in associated hospitalizations, predominantly among children under 2 years of age, in the Andean subregion and the southern cone

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

So far in 2023, more than 6700 cases of leptospirosis have been registered nationwide, with the most affected regions being Loreto, Ica, Tumbes, Madre de Dios and Piura, according to data from the National Center for Epidemiology, Prevention and Control (CDC) of the Ministry of Health (Minsa).

Perú

After 2 years without any human cases of yellow fever, São Paulo health authorities reported during the weekend that 2 patients had died from the disease in 2023, after 4 people were infected. Although both fatalities took place in the State of São Paulo, one of the victims was a resident of Minas Gerais. The state had had no cases of the disease since 2020 when one record was confirmed.

Brasil

Authorities in the U.S. and Mexico have asked the WHO to declare a public health emergency of international concern over a deadly fungal outbreak.The request comes after recruiters lured hundreds of patients from multiple countries to 2 facilities in Mexico for cosmetic operations that may have exposed them to the fungus. A total of 14 are "suspected" and 11 are "probable" cases of fungal meningitis -- infections of the brain or spinal cord -- based on their symptoms or test results. Two of these patients have died.

South Africa has recorded 2 positive cases of diphtheria disease. The 1st case was an adult in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), and the 2nd case was a child in the Western Cape. Diphtheria antitoxin is in short supply globally, and the World Health Organization (WHO) is working towards securing additional supply. The infection is treated with the appropriate antibiotics and supportive care in the absence of the antitoxin

Sudáfrica

Expansion of outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in birds (to date they have been reported in 16 countries of the Region), and confirmation of 3 human infections caused by influenza A(H5N1) in Latin America and the Caribbean. The identified outbreaks are located mainly in the areas of the Pacific flyway.

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

Many international destinations are reporting increased numbers of cases of measles. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated two weeks prior to departure or have not had measles in the past and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

Between 23 March 2023 and 13 April 2023, a total of 91 HEV suspected cases have been reported from Wau, of which 35 are confirmed; there have been five deaths reported

Sudán del Sur

So far, 70,998 cases of dengue have been reported in Peru. Almost 100% more than the figure reached in the same period of 2022. Most of the cases during 2023 have been reported in Piura (20,315), Loreto (7,206), Ucayali (7,166), Ica (6,498), Lima ( 5,397), Lambayeque (5,053) and San Martín (3,771).

Perú

In Equatorial Guinea, from 13 February to 1 May 2023, 17 laboratory-confirmed MVD cases and 23 probable cases have been reported. Among the laboratory-confirmed cases, there are 12 deaths (Case Fatality Ratio 75%). The most affected district is Bata in Litoral province. In Tanzania, between 16 March to 30 April 2023, a cumulative total of 9 cases including 8 laboratory-confirmed cases and 1 probable case have been reported. (CFR 66.7%). All cases have been reported from Bukoba district, Kagera region.

Tanzania, Guinea Ecuatorial

In 2022, between EW1 and EW 52, three countries in the Region of the Americas reported confirmed cases of yellow fever: Bolivia (5 confirmed cases), Brazil (during the 2021-2022 seasonal period, 5 cases were reported, including 4 deaths ) and Peru (7 confirmed cases, including 5 deaths). So far in 2023, human cases have been registered in Bolivia (two) and Brazil (three).

Media in Costa Rica have reported an outbreak of malaria in the province of Limon. According to public health authorities there have been 62 cases in the 2 weeks leading up to 7 April 2023 in the cantons of Limon and Pococo. These areas usually have a lower risk of malaria.

Costa Rica

To date, 19,859 notifications have been reported in Colombia, of which 19,402 are uncomplicated malaria and 457 complicated malaria.

Colombia

Philippines has reportes 1015 cases (85 deaths) of leptospirosis from 1 January 2023 to 18 March 2023.

Filipinas

Peru notified a confirmed case of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (VDPV 1) on March 21, 2023. The case is a 16-month-old boy, belonging to an indigenous community in the Manseriche district in the Datem del Marañón province of the Loreto department, with no history of vaccination or travel history before the onset of symptoms

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

Many international destinations are reporting increased numbers of cases of measles. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated two weeks prior to departure or have not had measles in the past and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

During the year 2022, a significant increase in the number of dengue cases and deaths was observed in the Americas region compared to previous years. This behavior has continued in the first weeks of 2023 and, in some countries, it has become even more pronounced, resulting in an overload in health services.

Anguilla, Antigua y Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Granada, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Haití, Honduras, Islas Bermudas, Islas Caimán, Islas Vírgenes (UK), Islas Vírgenes (US), Jamaica, Martinica, México, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panamá, Puerto Rico, República Dominicana, Saint Kitts And Nevis, Saint Lucia, San Vicente y las Granadines, Trinidad y Tobago, Turks y Caicos

On March 21, 2023, Tanzania declared an outbreak of Marburg virus disease. Confirmed cases have been reported in the Kagera Region

Tanzania

Peru notified a confirmed case of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (VDPV 1) on March 21, 2023. The case is a 16-month-old boy, belonging to an indigenous community in the Manseriche district in the Datem del Marañón province of the Loreto department, with no history of vaccination or travel history before the onset of symptoms

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

As of 16 March 2023, confirmed cases have been reported from all provinces; eight out of nine South African provinces have declared measles outbreaks1. No deaths associated with measles have been recorded. Most cases (86%) are reported among those aged under 14 years.

Sudáfrica

Between 24 November 2022 and 10 March 2023, 690 measles cases, including one associated death (case fatality ratio: 0.14 %), have been reported from 7 districts in western Nepal, and 3 districts in eastern Nepal. The majority of the cases (86%) have been reported in children aged less than 15 years.

Nepal

Expansion of outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in birds (to date they have been reported in 16 countries in the Region), confirmation of the first human infection caused by influenza A(H5N1) in Latin America and the Caribbean, and increase in cases in mammals

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

In the first eight epidemiological weeks of 2023, 115,539 cases and 33 deaths from chikungunya were reported, with the highest incidence rates in Paraguay (1,128 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) and Brazil (14.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants).

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus. Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines.

Up to 24/2/23, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported 33185 suspected cases of cholera (2398 confirmed cases, 29288 suspected cases who needed hospitalization, and 594 deaths). On 10/20/2022, Dominican Republic confirmed the first imported case of cholera in the country

Haití, República Dominicana

There is an outbreak of Nipah virus disease in several districts in Bangladesh (see map). This outbreak is related to the consumption of date palm sap.

Bangladesh

Up to 12/2/23, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported 30715 suspected cases of cholera (2283 confirmed cases, 27014 suspected cases who needed hospitalization, and 594 deaths). On 10/20, Dominican Republic confirmed the first imported case of cholera in the country

Haití, República Dominicana

Travelers should avoid nonessential travel to southeastern Turkey and northwestern Syria. On February 6, 2022, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake occurred in southeastern Turkey and northwestern Syria. The earthquake impacted infrastructure in both countries, limiting access to electricity, drinking water, and food supplies

Siria, Turquía

During 2022, several countries in the region registered increases in the number of cases of dengue, Zika and chikungunya, above what was reported in 2021

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

Up to 14/1/23, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported 24232 suspected cases of cholera (1742 confirmed cases, 20505 suspected cases who needed hospitalization, and 483 deaths). On 10/20, Dominican Republic confirmed the first imported case of cholera in the country

Haití, República Dominicana

A nine-year-old girl, living in a rural area in the province of Bolívar, Ecuador, was in contact with backyard poultry, which was acquired a week before the onset of her symptoms. She is currently hospitalized, in isolation, and is being treated with antivirals.

Ecuador

AFGHANISTAN, SERBIA (SMEDEREVO), INDIA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

In some Colombian cities, 16 percent of fever cases are due to oropouche virus infections

Colombia

Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus, such as DR Congo and USA (environmental samples). Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines.

In the last three weeks, 26 cases of dengue were identified and 501 cases of chikungunya. For the first time, chikungunya triples the number of accumulated cases of dengue in the country.

Paraguay

From 1 January 2021 to 7 December 2022, a total of 203 confirmed and 252 probable cases with 40 deaths (Case Fatality Ratio 9%) were reported to WHO from 13 countries in the WHO African Region.

In recent weeks, there has been an increase in outpatient cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in 12 territories of the Americas, which, together with the increase in hospitalizations due to influenza, RSV, and other respiratory viruses, could impact on the demand for healthcare services

China

As of December 19, as a result of the intensified surveillance that includes the active and retrospective search for cases, 21 cases admitted to health centers in eight departments of the country due to complications due to the invasive form of the bacteria were identified.

Uruguay

In 2022 over 29 countries have reported cholera cases or outbreaks. As of 30 November 2022, 16 of these have been reporting protracted outbreaks. Many of those countries reported higher case numbers and case fatality ratio than in previous years.

As of 8 December 2022, at least five Member States in the European Region, reported an increase in cases of invasive group A streptococcus disease and in some cases also scarlet fever. An increase in related deaths has also been reported in some of these countries.

JE vaccination is recommended for longer-term (e.g., one month or more) travel to the main risk areas in Australia (areas surrounding the Murray River and Outer Torres Strait Islands).

Australia

Up to 4/12/2022, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported 13454 suspected cases of cholera (1177 confirmed cases, 11557 suspected cases who needed hospitalization, and 281 deaths). On 10/20, Dominican Republic confirmed the first imported case of cholera in the country

Haití, República Dominicana

Dengue is an ongoing risk of dengue in many parts of Africa and the Middle East, and some countries are reporting higher-than-usual numbers of dengue cases. Travelers to areas of risk should protect themselves by preventing mosquito bites.

There are outbreaks and increased number of measles cases in several African countries

Dengue is endemic in Bangladesh. However, a surge of cases started in June 2022, with a total of 52807 confirmed dengue cases and 230 related deaths so far. The current outbreak is unusual in its scale and seasonality.

Bangladesh

Spain reports that one in 56 healthy children under one year of age are admitted for respiratory syncytial virus, which is the main cause of bronchiolitis. There are 40% more cases than in the pre-pandemic era and Covid has changed the epidemiological cycle of viruses.

España

Beijing suspended classes in schools and nurseries after registering two deaths and almost a thousand new infections, at a time when various Chinese cities are registering outbreaks and some, such as Shijiazhuang (north), revert recent adjustments to the ´zero COVID´ policy

China

Up to 10/30/2022, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported 11039, suspected cases of cholera (938 confirmed cases, 9344 suspected cases who needed hospitalization, and 202 deaths). On 10/20, Dominican Republic confirmed the first imported case of cholera in the country

Haití, República Dominicana

The 2022 cumulative suspected and confirmed cases of Zika are presented, with a clear predominance of cases in Brazil, with 29,117 suspected cases and 2,656 confirmed ones.

Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antártida, Ecuador, Guayana, Guayana Francesa, Islas Georgias del Sur, Islas Malvinas, Suriname

Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus. Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines.

Estados Unidos

Tocantins recorded 74 cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 3 deaths from the disease between January and October 2022. Another type of disease is tegumentary, which had 250 confirmed cases in Tocantins this year. No deaths were recorded.

Brasil

From 29 December 2021 to 31 October 2022, 4 laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were reported to WHO by Saudi Arabia. No deaths were reported.

Arabia Saudita

The Minister of Health reported that cases of whooping cough in the department of Santa Cruz increased to 20 in the last week, warning that the disease is currently "a threat" to the country.

4,996 people were identified as probable cases. Of these, 3,007 are confirmed, 358 under study, and 1,631 ruled out by laboratory tests.

México

Up to 10/30/2022, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported 3429, suspected cases of cholera (399 confirmed cases, 2942 suspected cases who needed hospitalization, and 89 deaths). On 10/20, Dominican Republic confirmed the first imported case of cholera in the country

Haití, República Dominicana

Uganda´s health ministry today reported 14 more lab-confirmed Ebola cases, pushing the outbreak total to 109. Health officials also reported 2 more deaths, raising the total to 30.

Uganda

Update of cases by country and in the USA

As of 10/23/2022, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported 2,243 suspected cases of cholera (219 confirmed cases, 1,415 suspected cases hospitalized, and 55 deaths). On 10/20, the Dominican Republic confirmed the first imported case of cholera in the country

Haití, República Dominicana

After the severe flooding caused by Hurricane Ian, Lee County, Florida has alerted the population about the abnormal increase in cases of infection by the Vibrio vulnificus bacteria.

Estados Unidos

The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has discovered an outbreak caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. So far, the infection has been detected in 4 people.

Noruega

The number of dengue cases in Brazil rose by almost 185% between January [2022] and the beginning of October [2022], compared to the same period last year.

Brasil

Between 30 August and 17 October 2022, a total of 47 confirmed cases of Rift Valley fever (RVF), mostly among animal breeders, including 23 deaths, have been reported from nine of Mauritania’s 15 wilayas (regions).

Mauritania

As of October 13, a total of 18 cholera cases have been confirmed in Lebanon, including two probable deaths. This represents the first cholera outbreak in Lebanon since 1993.

Líbano

The rapid increase in the spread of COVID-19 infections in a new epidemic wave is pushing German hospitals to the limit of their capacity, following the alert today of the president of the Association of German Hospitals, Gerald Gaß.

Alemania

From January to August 2022, more than 3.4 million suspected cases of malaria were reported in Pakistan compared to 2.6 million suspected cases reported in 2021. Most were reported as Plasmodium vivax.

Pakistán

Between 1 January and 27 September 2022, a total of 25932 confirmed dengue cases and 62 deaths were reported in Pakistan, with 74% of these cases reported in the month of September alone. The current surge in cases follows unprecedented flooding that began in mid-June 2022.

Pakistán

As of 26 September 2022, 92 cases of diphtheria among migrants have been reported by seven European countries for the year 2022. Sixty-six of these cases presented with cutaneous diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Cases of respiratory diphtheria have also been reported, including one fatal case. The cases are among males, and most have been diagnosed in reception centres for migrants. Additionally, one case of cutaneous diphtheria was detected in a staff member at a reception centre in Switzerland. Most of the cases reported by EU/EEA countries and the UK in 2022, were infected by strains of C. diphtheriae for which toxin production was confirmed. For a limited number of cases, mainly in Switzerland, the toxigenicity has not been determined or reported. Diphtheria is a rare disease in the EU/EEA. An average of 52 cases were annually reported across the EU/EEA to ECDC between 2016 and 2020. Around 50% of reported cases were caused by Corynebacterium (C.) diphtheriae. Of the 128 cases caused by C. diphtheriae reported between 2016-2020, 60 were cutaneous, 25 respiratory, and one had both a cutaneous and respiratory presentation. Forty-two cases had a different clinical manifestation or missed information about the clinical manifestation. During this five-year period, 69 C. diphtheriae cases were classified as imported in eleven EU/EEA countries (an average of 14 imported C. diphtheriae cases per year), and of these, 46 presented with a cutaneous disease. It was not possible to confirm the potential migratory status of these cases as their reason for travel to the EU/EEA was not reported. The number of cases reported so far in 2022 represents an increase compared to the average number of imported cases seen in recent years. This increase could be explained by an increased volume of migrants from diphtheria-endemic countries, by an increased circulation of the pathogen in the countries of origin, or by an increased risk of transmission in specific settings such as migrant reception centres. As of 26 September 2022, ECDC is not aware of any evidence indicating outbreaks in the broader EU/EEA population resulting from the increased number of imported cases.

Dengue is endemic in Nepal. Between January to 28 September 2022, a total of 28109 confirmed and suspected dengue cases and 38 confirmed deaths due to dengue have been recorded, affecting all seven provinces.

Nepal

The Ministry of Health of Uganda has declared an Ebola outbreak in several districts in Uganda. This outbreak has been linked to the Sudan ebolavirus. No vaccines or therapeutics have been approved for prevention or treatment of the Sudan ebolavirus.

Uganda

After more than 3 years with no reported cholera cases in Haiti, on October 2, 2022, national authorities reported two confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the greater Port-au-Prince area. Additionally, several clusters of suspected cases and deaths are reported and are under investigation in various communes of the Ouest department, including the communes of Cité Soleil and Port-au-Prince. The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) recommends that Member States take actions to strengthen their surveillance systems for the timely detection of cholera cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea and update their preparedness plans and answer. In addition, it reiterates to the Member States to continue their efforts and implement actions to improve the quality and conditions of water and sanitation.

Haití

On September 13, 2022, the United States of America announced that polioviruses found in New York, both in the case of paralytic polio in an unvaccinated adult in Rockland County, and in several sewage samples from communities near the patient´s residence, meet the criteria for circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). Given this situation, the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) reiterates to the Member States the need to have an updated response plan for polio outbreaks or events, join efforts to strengthen and maintain surveillance epidemiology of acute flaccid paralysis for the rapid detection of cases, and to achieve vaccination coverage against poliomyelitis >95%.

Estados Unidos

In the Region of the Americas, as of September 9, 2022, 33,162 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported in 31 countries and territories of the Region, showing a rapid geographic dispersion in the Region.

Some travelers who have spent time in Mexico have been infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Newport. MDR Salmonella has developed the ability to defeat drugs designed to kill them. Infections with MDR Salmonella can be difficult to treat. Clinicians should follow CDC’s treatment guidance. Many travelers with MDR Salmonella Newport infections reported eating beef, cheese (including queso fresco and Oaxaca), beef jerky, or dried beef (carne seca) before they got sick.

México

Situation at a glance Yellow fever is endemic in the WHO African Region and was among the top five most frequently reported events in the region in 2019 and 2020. Twenty-seven countries in Africa have been classified as high-risk by the Eliminate Yellow fever Epidemics (EYE) global strategy. From 1 January 2021 to 26 August 2022, a total of 12 countries in the region have reported 184 confirmed cases and 274 probable cases, including 21 deaths, reflecting ongoing complex viral transmission. Risk factors for onward spread and amplification include low population immunity, population movements, viral transmission dynamics, and climate and ecological factors that have contributed to the spread of Aedes mosquitoes. Response measures, most notably reactive and preventive vaccination campaigns, are ongoing in the affected countries. Since the beginning of 2021, over 3.9 million people have been vaccinated through reactive vaccination campaigns in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ghana, and Kenya. Description of outbreaks In 2021, nine African countries - Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d´Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, and Republic of the Congo - reported a total of 151 confirmed cases of yellow fever (for more details, please see the Disease Outbreak News published on 23 December 20211). Of these nine countries, six continue to report confirmed cases of yellow fever with ongoing transmission in 2022, while Côte d´Ivoire and Nigeria have reported probable cases2 and Gabon has not reported further cases since 2021. In 2022, two additional countries, Kenya3 and Uganda4, have reported confirmed cases of yellow fever. From 1 January to 26 August 2022, a total of 33 confirmed cases of yellow fever were reported from eight African countries including Central African Republic (33%, 11 cases), Cameroon (24%, eight cases), Democratic Republic of Congo (13%, four cases), Kenya (9%, three cases), Chad (6%, two cases), Republic of the Congo (6%, two cases), Uganda (6%, two cases), and Ghana (3%, one case). Ten countries - Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d´Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, and Republic of the Congo - have also reported a total of 274 probable cases of yellow fever from 1 January 2021 to 26 August 2022 (Table 1). The majority of cases over the entire period were reported in the last quarter of 2021 (Figure 1), with Ghana reporting around 33% of all confirmed cases. Of 184 confirmed cases, 73% are aged 30 years and below, and the male-to-female ratio is 1.2. The case count and the number of outbreaks are anticipated to continue evolving as the Region enters the seasonal period when there is often an increase in cases notified. Figure 1. Probable and confirmed cases of yellow fever by week of symptom onset in countries reporting transmission in the WHO African Region, 1 January 2021 to 26 August 2022.